Klinisk Biokemi i Norden · 1 2016
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Table 1. Univariate ACE/ADE estimates for all the phenotypes, and test for sex difference
Phenotype
Sex
h2
A
C
D
E
Quali
tative
sex diff
Quanti-
tative
sex diff
Cystatin C
M 0.55 (0.49-0.60) 0.26 (0.14-0.43)
0.29 (0.11-0.43) 0.45 (0.40-0.51)
n
y
F 0.63 (0.59-0.66) 0.56 (0.37-0.65)
0.06 (0.00-0.26) 0.37 (0.34-0.41)
Both 0.60 (0.56-0.63) 0.37 (0.24-0.49)
0.23 (0.09-0.37) 0.40 (0.37-0.44)
Creatinine
M 0.56 (0.51-0.61) 0.24 (0.12-0.41)
0.32 (0.14-0.46) 0.44 (0.39-0.49)
n
y
F 0.62 (0.58-0.65) 0.61 (0.49-0.65)
0.01 (0.00-0.13) 0.38 (0.35-0.42)
Both 0.59 (0.56-0.62) 0.38 (0.25-0.51)
0.21 (0.08-0.35) 0.41 (0.38-0.44)
eGFR* (Cys C)
M 0.55 (0.50-0.60) 0.28 (0.14-0.47)
0.28 (0.65-0.42) 0.45 (0.40-0.50)
n
y
F 0.63 (0.59-0.66) 0.60 (0.41-0.66)
0.03 (0.00-0.23) 0.37 (0.34-0.41)
Both 0.60 (0.57-0.63) 0.39 (0.26-0.52)
0.21 (0.07-0.35) 0.40 (0.37-0.43)
MDRD† (crea)
M 0.62 (0.57-0.66) 0.39 (0.26-0.58)
0.22 (0.03-0.37) 0.38 (0.34-0.43)
n
y
F 0.65 (0.62-0.68) 0.65 (0.58-0.68)
0.00 (0.00-0.07) 0.35 (0.32-0.38)
Both 0.63 (0.60-0.66) 0.56 (0.43-0.64)
0.07 (0.00-0.21) 0.37 (0.34-0.40)
CKD-epi
ǂ
(Cys C+ crea) M 0.56 (0.46-0.62) 0.56 (0.46-0.62) 0.17 (0.11-0.25)
0.28 (0.25-0.31)
n
y
F 0.36 (0.27-0.44) 0.36 (0.27-0.44) 0.39 (0.31-0.47)
0.25 (0.23-0.28)
Both 0.48 (0.42-0.54) 0.48 (0.42-0.54) 0.26 (0.20-0.31)
0.26 (0.24-0.28)
CKD-epi
ǂ
(crea)
M 0.62 (0.50-0.68) 0.62 (0.50-0.68) 0.06 (0.02-0.16)
0.32 (0.28-0.36)
n
y
F 0.37 (0.27-0.48) 0.37 (0.27-0.48) 0.30 (0.21-0.39)
0.32 (0.29-0.36)
Both 0.54 (0.47-0.61) 0.54 (0.47-0.61) 0.14 (0.08-0.19)
0.32 (0.30-0.35)
CKD-epi
ǂ
(Cys C)
M 0.51 (0.39-0.58) 0.51 (0.39-0.58) 0.21 (0.15-0.31)
0.28 (0.25-0.32)
n
y
F 0.38 (0.30-0.47) 0.38 (0.30-0.47) 0.38 (0.30-0.46)
0.24 (0.21-0.26)
Both 0.46 (0.40-0.52) 0.46 (0.40-0.52) 0.28 (0.23-0.33)
0.25 (0.24-0.28)
CVD§
M 0.39 (0.02-0.67) 0.39 (0.02-0.67) 0.17 (0.05-0.45)
0.44 (0.32-0.58)
n
n
F 0.20 (0.00-0.61) 0.20 (0.00-0.61) 0.27 (0.00-0.51)
0.53 (0.37-0.70)
Both 0.41 (0.13-0.62) 0.41 (0.13-0.62) 0.12 (0.00-0.31)
0.47 (0.38-0.59)
CAE
ǁ
M 0.48 (0.08-0.77) 0.48 (0.08-0.77) 0.19 (0.00-0.49)
0.33 (0.22-0.48)
n
n
F 0.30 (0.00-0.72) 0.30 (0.00-0.72) 0.25 (0.00-0.58)
0.45 (0.27-0.66)
Both 0.51 (0.21-0.73) 0.51 (0.21-0.73) 0.12 (0.00-0.33)
0.37 (0.27-0.49)
STROKE#
M 0.24 (0.00-0.61) 0.24 (0.00-0.61) 0.17 (0.00-0.47)
0.60 (0.38-0.80)
n
n
F 0.48 (0.02-0.70) 0.48 (0.02-0.70) 0.00 (0.00-0.33)
0.52 (0.30-0.78)
Both 0.45 (0.07-0.59) 0.45 (0.07-0.59) 0.00 (0.00-0.00)
0.55 (0.41-0.72)
h
2
=heritability, defined as A in ACE-model and A+D in ADE-model; A=added genetic component, C=common environmen-
tal component, D=dominance genetic component, E=unique environment component; Qualitative sex-difference= genetic
correlation of less than .5 among opposite-sex twin pairs suggesting different genetic factors operating for males and females;
Quantitative sex-difference=significant difference in correlation between male and females. *Machine calculated GFR.
†
GFR
according to the MDRD formula.
ǂ
GFR according to the CKD-epi formula. §Cardiodascular disease (definition in Method).
ǁ
Coronary artery event (definition in method.) #Stroke defined in method.
