Klinisk Biokemi i Norden Nr 3, vol. 32, 2020 - page 35

Klinisk Biokemi i Norden · 3 2020| 35
Nödvändigt antal iterationer är relaterat till algorit-
mens komplexitet.
Mjukvara
Det spreadsheet jag beskrivit kan rekvireras från
anders.kallner@ki.se.Iterering 10 000 gånger sker på
mindre än 2 sekunder och resterande 999 000 tar ytter-
ligare omkring 10 sekunder. Resultaten presenteras i en
sammanfattande tabell. Det finns många ”kalkylato-
rer” tillgängliga på nätet, jag har erfarenhet av den som
underhålls av NIST (National Institute for Science and
Technology):https://uncertainty.nist.gov. Jag kan även
sända Kragtens applikation till intresserade.
Referenser
1. JCGM 100:2008 GUM 1995 with minor cor-
rections. Evaluation of measurement data.
Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement.www.bipm.org(accessed Jan.
2020).
2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI).Expression of Measurement Uncer-
tainty in Laboratory Medicine, Approved
Guideline. CLSI document (C51) EP 29. 2012.
3. Aronsson T, Groth T. Nested control proce-
dures for internal analytical quality control.
Theoretical design and practical evaluation.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 172. 1984;51-64.
4. VIM International vocabulary of metrology
– Basic and general concepts and associated
terms.www.bipm.org(accessed Jan. 2020).
5. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI). User verification of precision and
estimation of bias. CLSI document EP15 3A.
3rd ed. Wayne, PA: CLSI, 2014.
6. Kallner A. Measurement verification, http://
www.acb.org.uk/whatwedo/science/best_
practice/ measurement_verification/measu-
rementverification-2018. (accessed Jan. 2020).
7. Kallner A, Theodorsson E. Repeatability
imprecision from analysis of duplicates of
patient samples and control materials Scand
J Clin Lab Invest 2020;80:2010-4.
8. Kallner A, Theodorsson E. An experimental
study of methods for the analysis of vari-
ance components in the inference of labo-
ratory information. Scand J Clin Lab Invest
2020;80:73-8.
9. Kallner A, Petersmann A, Nauck M, Theo-
dorsson E. Measurement repeatability profiles
of eight frequently requested measurands in
clinical chemistry determined by duplicate
measurements of patient samples. Scand J
Clin Lab Invest 2020;80:202-9.
10. Kragten J, Calculating standard deviations
and confidence intervals with a universally
applicable spreadsheet technique, Analyst
1994;119,2161-2166.
11.https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/
Guides/pdf/QUAM2012_P1.pdf. (accessed
Jan. 2020).
12. Kallner A. A study of simulated normal
probability functions using Microsoft Excel.
Accred Qual Assur 2016;21:271–6.
Figur 4. Ett av många scenarier med resultat av simuleringar som närmar sig målvärdet. Itereringar i tiotusental på
X-axeln. Varje punkt i diagrammet motsvarande en simulering med 10 000 itereringar.
-0,75
-0,5
-0,25
0
0,25
0,5
0,75
-0,05
-0,025
0
0,025
0,05
0,075
0,1
0,125
0,15
0 20 40 60 80 100
Stdev
Average
Rel deviation from target (%)
Average
Stdev
zero
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,4029
0,403
0,4031
0,4032
0,4033
0,4034
0,4035
0,4036
0 20 40 60 80 100
Stdev
Average
Average and Sd approaching targets
Averages
Target Ave
Stdev
Target sd
-0,75
-0,5
-0,25
-0,05
-0,025
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,029
0,4029
0,403
0,4031
0,4032
0,4033
0,4034
0,4035
0,4036
0 20 40 60 80 100
Stdev
Average
Average and Sd approaching targets
Averages
Target Ave
Stdev
Target sd